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PROTOCOLS
HTTP is the basic protocol for transmission of web pages on the Internet
Transmission of data on the Internet requires that all computers on this global network has an IP address.
FTP is the basic protocol used to transmit files.
Email originally consisted of text files sent thought the FTP protocol but you could not 'address' the transmission to a specific person, only to a specific IP address (computer).
Email protocols:
POP or Post Office Protocol (currently POP3) for incoming mail only.
Typically mail is downloaded to the reader's computer to be read by and email program.
IMAP or xxx (currently IMAP4) for incoming mail.
Mail remains on the email server and can, therefore, be accessed from any device at any time.
SMTP or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol for sending mail.